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Turkish A2 · Elementary

The Turkish future tense: -ecek

Say what you will do with -ecek: geleceğim, yapacaksın, gidecekler. Two-way harmony, k → ğ, the glue y, the negative gelmeyeceğim and the question gelecek misin?

By Kerem, native Turkish teacher · Audio for every example

The Turkish future tense with -ecek says what will happen: (I will come), (you will do), (they will go). It covers English “will” and “going to”: plans, promises, decisions and predictions.

Like the past tense, it is completely regular. You take the verb stem, add -ecek or -acak, and finish with an ending that says who. Only two small sound rules need attention: a k that turns into ğ, and a glue y after vowels.

The pattern

verb stemplus-ecek / -acakwillplus-im / -sin / -iz …who

How to build the future tense

Drop -mek or -mak from the dictionary form to get the stem: gelmek → gel, . Then add -ecek or -acak. With nothing after it, the future form means “he”, “she” or “it”: = he will come, she will come or it will come.

Build the word, one part at a timeTurkish adds each new part to the end of the word. Watch where the English puts it.
gelcomeeceğwillimI

I will come

Step 3 of 3imI

Who? I. After -di and -se it is just -m, and in gelmem (I don’t come) too.

  • Last vowel e is front and flat, so the vowel is i: -im.
  • k becomes ğ when a vowel follows: it softens.
Finished word
  • Ali yarın gelecek.

    Ali will come tomorrow.

  • Film saat dokuzda bitecek.

    The film will end at nine.

  • Yarın yağmur yağacak.

    It will rain tomorrow.

Vowel harmony: -ecek or -acak

The future ending has only two shapes, like the plural -ler / -lar. The last vowel of the stem decides: after e, i, ö, ü it is -ecek, after a, ı, o, u it is -acak.

Vowel harmony: two waysTap a word to see where its last vowel leads

come · last vowel e

gel

Front vowels: e, i, ö, üFrontsaid at the front of the moutheiöüe-ecek
Back vowels: a, ı, o, uBacksaid further backaıoua-acak

gelecek: the last vowel is e, a front vowel, so the ending has e.

  1. last vowel e
  2. front
  3. ending vowel e
gelcomeecekwill

will come

The ending:Ending: (y) not needed, e or a, here e, c, e or a, here e, k or ğ, here k

  • Last vowel of the stem

    e, i, ö, ü

    Ending
    -ecek
    Examples
    gelecek,içecek,görecek
  • Last vowel of the stem

    a, ı, o, u

    Ending
    -acak
    Examples
    yapacak,çıkacak,konuşacak

Why?

Turkish likes the vowels in a word to sound alike, so the ending changes to fit the word. Here it is the simple two-way kind: e or a. Our guide to Turkish vowel harmony explains both kinds.

Kerem’s note

The k turns into ğ: geleceğim

When an ending that starts with a vowel comes after -ecek, its k softens to ğ. That happens with -im (ben) and -iz (biz): , . Before -sin, -siniz and -ler, which start with a consonant, the k stays: , .

Sound change: hard letters go softTap Join to watch the letters change

When an ending starts with a vowel, a hard letter at the end of the word goes soft.

  • pbecomes+ vowelb
  • çbecomes+ vowelc
  • tbecomes+ voweld
  • kbecomes+ vowelğ
  • gelcomeecekwillimI

    I will come

  • yapdoacakwillızwe

    we will do

These keep their letter

  • gelcomeecekwillsinyou

    you will come: s is not a vowel

  • yapdoacakwilllarthey

    they will do: l is not a vowel

Tip: The ğ is never said like a g: it just links the two vowels, so sounds close to “ge-le-je-yim”.

Verbs that end in a vowel, and git → gid

If the stem ends in a vowel, a glue y joins it to the ending, because Turkish avoids two vowels side by side: , , . Nothing drops out: the last vowel of the stem stays.

Glue letter: yTap “Add glue” to drop the letter in
y

y: two vowels meet

Turkish doesn’t let two vowels touch, so y goes between them: hasta → hastayım.

  • okureadglueacakwillımI

    I will read

  • beklewaitglueecekwillimI

    I will wait

  • aracallglueacakwillımI

    I will call

Two very common verbs change their t to d before the vowel of -ecek: gitmek → gidecek and etmek → edecek (as in , he will help). Most other verbs keep their t: , .

Sound change: hard letters go softTap Join to watch the letters change

When an ending starts with a vowel, a hard letter at the end of the word goes soft.

  • pbecomes+ vowelb
  • çbecomes+ vowelc
  • tbecomes+ voweld
  • kbecomes+ vowelğ
  • gitgoecekwill

    will go

  • etdoecekwill

    will do (yardım edecek = will help)

These keep their letter

  • bitendecekwill

    will end

  • yatlie downacakwill

    will go to bed

Tip: It is the same pair you know from the present continuous: gidiyorum, ediyorum. If a verb changes there, it changes here too.

Personal endings: geleceğim, geleceksin…

The future takes the same personal endings as -iyor: -im (ben), -sin (sen), nothing (o), -iz (biz), -siniz (siz) and -ler (onlar). Their vowels follow harmony: geleceksin but yapacak, gelecekler but yapacaklar.

The verb machineyapmak = to do. Pick a tense and a person: the root stays, the endings change.

(ben) future

yapdoacağwillımI

Meaning:Iwilldo

It will happen. The k becomes ğ before a vowel: geleceğim.

Always in this order:roottenseperson

When?

Who?

All the forms

Tap a form to build it above. Only the endings change: the root stays the same.

  • ben

    gelmek (come)
    geleceğwillimI
    yapmak (do)
    yapacağwillımI
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacağwillımI
    gitmek (go)
    gideceğwillimI
  • sen

    gelmek (come)
    gelecekwillsinyou
    yapmak (do)
    yapacakwillsınyou
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacakwillsınyou
    gitmek (go)
    gidecekwillsinyou
  • o

    gelmek (come)
    gelecekwill
    yapmak (do)
    yapacakwill
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacakwill
    gitmek (go)
    gidecekwill
  • biz

    gelmek (come)
    geleceğwillizwe
    yapmak (do)
    yapacağwillızwe
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacağwillızwe
    gitmek (go)
    gideceğwillizwe
  • siz

    gelmek (come)
    gelecekwillsinizyou (siz)
    yapmak (do)
    yapacakwillsınızyou (siz)
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacakwillsınızyou (siz)
    gitmek (go)
    gidecekwillsinizyou (siz)
  • onlar

    gelmek (come)
    gelecekwilllerthey
    yapmak (do)
    yapacakwilllarthey
    okumak (read)
    okuyglueacakwilllarthey
    gitmek (go)
    gidecekwilllerthey

The ending already says who, so you can usually leave out , and the others: = I’ll call tomorrow. Keep the pronoun for emphasis or contrast: = I’ll cook, you’ll bring dessert.

Negative: gelmeyeceğim (I won’t come)

To say something won’t happen, put -me or -ma right after the stem. It ends in a vowel, so a glue y joins it to the future ending: gel + me + y + eceğim → gelmeyeceğim. The order never changes: stem, “not”, “will”, “who”.

Switch on “not”Flip a switch to see where “not” goes. The rest of the word stays.

Verbs: -me or -ma, right after the root.root-me / -matenseperson

  • gelcomeeceğwillimI

    I will come

  • yapdoacakwillsınyou

    you will do it

  • gidgoeceğwillizwe

    we will go

  • okureadyglueacakwilllarthey

    they will read

  • ben

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueeceğwillimI
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacağwillımI
  • sen

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueecekwillsinyou
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacakwillsınyou
  • o

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueecekwill
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacakwill
  • biz

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueeceğwillizwe
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacağwillızwe
  • siz

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueecekwillsinizyou (siz)
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacakwillsınızyou (siz)
  • onlar

    gelmek (come)
    gelmenotyglueecekwilllerthey
    yapmak (do)
    yapmanotyglueacakwilllarthey
  • Bu akşam çıkmayacağım.

    I won’t go out tonight.

  • Merak etme, kimseye söylemeyeceğim.

    Don’t worry, I won’t tell anyone.

  • Yarın yağmur yağmayacak.

    It won’t rain tomorrow.

Questions: gelecek misin? (Will you come?)

For a yes/no question, add the question word after the future form, written as a separate word. The personal ending moves from the verb onto mi: geleceksin → gelecek misin? Since mi copies the vowel of -ecek or -acak, there are only two shapes: after -ecek and after -acak.

The question word mimi turns a sentence into a yes/no question.

It follows vowel harmony, but is written apart

e · imi
a · ımı
o · umu
ö · ümü

The last vowel of the word before mi picks its vowel.

The last vowel of Gelecek is e, so the question word is mi.

Where the person ending goes

Most endings that say who (-um, -sun…) move onto mi. After -di (past) and -se (if), they stay on the verb.

  • Gelcomeecekwillmi? (yes/no)yglueimI?

    Will I come?ending on mi

  • Gelcomeecekwillmi? (yes/no)sinyou?

    Will you come?ending on mi

  • Gelcomeecekwillmi? (yes/no)?

    Will he / she come?

  • Gelcomeecekwillmi? (yes/no)yglueizwe?

    Will we come?ending on mi

  • Gelcomeecekwillmi? (yes/no)sinizyou (siz)?

    Will you come? (siz)ending on mi

  • Gelcomeecekwilllertheymi? (yes/no)?

    Will they come?stays on the verb

Ask about one word

mi goes right after the word you are asking about. Tap a word of the sentence.

Ali will come tomorrow.

Aliyarıngelecekmi?

Will Ali come tomorrow?

-ler is the one ending that stays on the verb: After ben and biz, a glue y joins mi to the ending: , . With a question word such as (what), (when) or (who) there is no mi, and the ending stays on the verb:

  • Bu akşam evde olacak mısın?

    Will you be at home tonight?

  • Gelmeyecek misin?

    Aren’t you coming?

  • Ne zaman döneceksiniz?

    When will you come back?

  • Kim yemek yapacak?

    Who’s going to cook?

Tip: Answer by repeating the verb, not just with yes or no: (Will you come? – Yes, I will.) (No, I won’t.)

When to use the -ecek future

Use -ecek for plans and decisions, for promises and for predictions. It often comes with a time word: (tomorrow), (the day after tomorrow), (tonight), (next week), seneye (next year) or a time plus sonra (in, later): (in two days).

  • GelecekyılTürkçeöğreneceğim.

    Word by word: next, year, Turkish, I-will-learn.

    I’m going to learn Turkish next year.

  • Sözveriyorum,birdahageçkalmayacağım.

    Word by word: word, I’m-giving, one, more, late, I-won’t-stay.

    I promise I won’t be late again.

  • Yarınhavaçoksıcakolacak.

    Word by word: tomorrow, weather, very, hot, it-will-be.

    It will be very hot tomorrow.

Why?

also means “future” and “next”: is literally “the week that will come”. Once you notice it, the time word itself reminds you of the ending.

Kerem’s note

For “will be”, use from olmak (to be, to become): = I’ll be at home tomorrow. = My daughter is going to be a doctor.

For a plan that is already fixed, Turks also use the present continuous -iyor, just like English: = I’m going to Izmir tomorrow. means almost the same. A quick promise or offer often takes the aorist instead: = I’ll call you tomorrow.

Tip: In speech, the future is often squeezed: gelicem, , gidicez. You’ll hear it everywhere, in songs and series too, but always write the full form: , , .

Common mistakes

Watch out

Not:gelecekim

Say:geleceğim

-im starts with a vowel, so the k of -ecek turns into ğ: , . Before -sin and -ler the k stays: , .

Watch out

Not:gelacağım

Say:geleceğim

The ending follows the last vowel of the stem. The vowel of gel is e, so it is -ecek, with e in both places.

Watch out

Not:okuacağım

Say:okuyacağım

oku ends in a vowel and -acak starts with one, so the glue y must come in between: oku + y + acağım.

Watch out

Not:gitecek

Say:gidecek

gitmek and etmek change t to d before a vowel: , . In the negative the t stays, because m follows it: gitmeyecek.

Watch out

Not:gelmiyeceğim

Say:gelmeyeceğim

You will hear “gelmiycem” all the time, but the e of -me only drops before -iyor (gelmiyor). Before -yecek it stays: .

Watch out

Not:Geleceksin mi?

Say:Gelecek misin?

In a question the personal ending leaves the verb and goes onto mi: gelecek + . Only -ler stays on the verb:

A short dialogue

Read or listen, then answer

When will Mert call Deniz?

  1. Mert

    Deniz, bu hafta sonu ne yapacaksın?

  2. Deniz

    Cumartesi annemlere gideceğim. Pazar için henüz bir planım yok.

  3. Mert

    Pazar günü Belgrad Ormanı'na gideceğiz. Sen de gelecek misin?

  4. Deniz

    Kimler gelecek?

  5. Mert

    Ben, Ece ve kardeşim. Sabah dokuzda yola çıkacağız.

  6. Deniz

    Dokuzda mı? Pazar günü o kadar erken kalkmayacağım!

  7. Mert

    Tamam, o zaman seni öğlen arayacağım.

  8. Deniz

    Olur. Yiyecekleri de ben getireceğim!

  9. Mert

    Harika! Hava da güzel olacak.

Spot the future forms: , , , , , , , , and .

Summary

  • Positive

    How
    stem + -ecek / -acak + ending
    Example
  • Before -im and -iz

    How
    the k turns into ğ
    Example
  • After a vowel

    How
    glue y + -ecek / -acak
    Example
  • Negative

    How
    stem + -me / -ma + y + -ecek / -acak + ending
    Example
  • Question

    How
    -ecek / -acak + mi / mı + ending
    Example

Practice this in Lesson 13 of Turkish A2

The future: -ecek

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